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In cellular biology, dependence receptors are proteins that mediate programmed cell death by monitoring the absence of certain trophic factors (or, equivalently, the presence of anti-trophic factors) that otherwise serve as ligands (interactors) for the dependence receptors. A trophic ligand is a molecule whose protein binding stimulates cell growth, differentiation, and/or survival. Cells depend for their survival on stimulation that is mediated by various receptors and sensors, and integrated via signaling within the cell and between cells. The withdrawal of such trophic support leads to a form of cellular suicide. Various dependence receptors are involved in a range of biological events: developmental cell death (naturally-occurring cell death), trophic factor withdrawal-induced cell death, the spontaneous regression characteristic of type IV-S neuroblastoma, neurodegenerative cell death, inhibition of new tumor cells (tumorigenesis) and metastasis, and therapeutic antibody-mediated tumor cell death, as well as programmed cell death in other instances. Since these receptors may support either cell death or cell survival, they initiate a new type of tumor suppressor, a conditional tumor suppressor. In addition, events such as cellular atrophy and process retraction may also be mediated by dependence receptors, although this has not been as well documented as the induction of programmed cell death. Dependence receptors were first identified in 1993 in the laboratory of Dale Bredesen, and their importance in tumorigenesis first described by Mehlen, Bredesen, and their colleagues. == Known Dependence Receptors == The following is the list of known dependence receptors: * Kremen1 * DCC ''(Deleted in Colorectal Carcinoma)'' * UNC5Hs * Neogenin * p75NTR * Ptch1 * CDON * PLXND1 * RET * TrkA * TrkC * EphA4 * c-Met * Insulin Receptor IR * Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor * ALK ''(Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase)'' * Androgen Receptor * Some integrins * NTRK3 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dependence receptor」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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